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How to Use Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material in Wet Mix Macadam
Wet mix macadam (WMM) is a sub-base or base course of the pavement that consists of clean, crushed, graded aggregates and granular material, pre-mixed with water and compacted to a dense mass on a prepared surface. WMM is widely used in road construction projects as it provides a strong and durable foundation for asphalt layers.
However, WMM also consumes a large amount of natural resources and generates waste materials that need to be disposed of properly. One way to reduce the environmental impact of WMM is to use reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material as a partial or full replacement of fresh aggregates. RAP is the material obtained from milling or reprocessing of existing asphalt pavements that contain bitumen-coated aggregates. RAP can be reused after processing for reconstruction, resurfacing, or repaving of roads.
Using RAP in WMM has several benefits, such as:
Conserving natural resources and reducing the demand for virgin aggregates
Saving costs and energy by reducing the transportation and processing of materials
Improving the performance and durability of WMM by enhancing its strength, stiffness, and resistance to moisture damage
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation by minimizing the use of new materials and disposal of old materials
However, using RAP in WMM also poses some challenges, such as:
Ensuring the quality and consistency of RAP material by proper sampling, testing, and grading
Adjusting the mix design and proportioning of RAP and fresh aggregates to achieve the desired properties and performance of WMM
Controlling the moisture content and compaction of RAP-WMM mixture to avoid segregation, rutting, or cracking
Following the specifications and guidelines for using RAP in WMM as per the relevant standards and codes of practice
To overcome these challenges, some studies have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and suitability of using RAP in WMM. For example, Sejvani et al. (2021) [^1^] conducted modified proctor tests on fresh material as well as on material mixed with 10%, 20%, and 30% of RAP by total weight. They found that the optimum moisture content decreased and the maximum dry density increased with increasing RAP content. They also designed a new pavement using Indian Road Congress (IRC-37:2018) guidelines and utilized RAP material. They calculated the economic benefits in terms of fresh and RAP mix material pavement.
Similarly, IRC:109-2015 [^2^] provides guidelines for wet mix macadam that include provisions for using RAP material up to 50% by weight of total aggregates. The guidelines specify the requirements for quality control, mix design, construction methodology, testing, and acceptance criteria for using RAP in WMM.
Therefore, using RAP in WMM is a viable option for improving the sustainability and efficiency of road construction projects. However, it requires careful planning, execution, and monitoring to ensure the quality and performance of RAP-WMM mixture. ec8f644aee